一般来说，在安装操作系统之后，系统会推荐一定的驱动更新，如果有些不合适，那么你可以选择手动更新。例如有的wireless无线驱动工作不正常，sudo ifconfig也不存在wlan0，那么你就必须采取手动安装方法。

        首先，先判断什么驱动工作不正常。是声卡，还是显卡，还是无线模块。

        然后，在去官方网站下载驱动包，注意选择操作系统和应用平台（i386，X86，X86_64），

        再根据安装包的不同采取操作。是需要编译的源代码，还是bin程序。

如果是源代码，一定要先阅读readme，执行

sudo make

sudo make install

sudo reboot

 

例如安装realtek的无线驱动

pp@ubuntu:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$ sudo make

[sudo] password for pp: make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011 modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/base.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rc.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/debug.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/regd.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/efuse.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/cam.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/ps.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/core.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/pci.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtlwifi.o   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules   CC      /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtlwifi.mod.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtlwifi.ko make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce modules make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/hw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/table.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/sw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/trx.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/led.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/fw.o /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/fw.c: In function ‘rtl92c_download_fw’: /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/fw.c:240: warning: format ‘%d’ expects type ‘int’, but argument 4 has type ‘long unsigned int’   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/phy.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rf.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/dm.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rtl8192ce.o   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules   CC      /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rtl8192ce.mod.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rtl8192ce.ko make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se modules make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/hw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/table.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/sw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/trx.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/led.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/fw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/phy.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rf.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/dm.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rtl8192se.o   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules   CC      /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rtl8192se.mod.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rtl8192se.ko make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de modules make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/hw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/table.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/sw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/trx.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/led.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/fw.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/phy.o /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/phy.c: In function ‘rtl92d_phy_reset_iqk_result’: /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/phy.c:3002: warning: format ‘%d’ expects type ‘int’, but argument 2 has type ‘long unsigned int’   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rf.o   CC [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/dm.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rtl8192de.o   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules   CC      /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rtl8192de.mod.o   LD [M]  /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rtl8192de.ko make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de' pp@ubuntu:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$ make install make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011 modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' rm: cannot remove `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/.tmp_versions/rtlwifi.mod': Permission denied make[1]: *** [crmodverdir] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make: *** [all] Error 2 pp@ubuntu:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$ sudo make install make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011 modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce modules make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se modules make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de modules make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic'   Building modules, stage 2.   MODPOST 1 modules make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de' find /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic -name "r8192se_*.ko" -exec rm {} \; find /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic -name "r8192ce_*.ko" -exec rm {} \; pp@ubuntu:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$  

注意：有的linux操作系统默认没有安装gcc，如Fedora 14，需要先配置gcc

su root

yum -i gcc

如果是bin安装包，则如下操作：

例如：安装ati-driver

dgd@dgd-ThinkPad-X120e:~/Downloads$ sudo chmod +x ati-driver-installer-11-5-x86.x86_64.run

dgd@dgd-ThinkPad-X120e:~/Downloads$ sudo ./ati-driver-installer-11-5-x86.x86_64.run 

在按照提示操作即可。